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Die Evaluation der studentischen Lehre - Basis für eine leistungsorientierte Mittelvergabe (LOM)?

Anwar Syed Ali; Johannes Schulze; Ralph Frankenbach; Frank Nürnberger — Mon, 29 Apr 2013 15:52:38 +0200

Die Evaluation der medizinischen Ausbildung wird am Fachbereich Medizin der J.W. Goethe – Universität Frankfurt seit 1998 systematisch durchgeführt. Damit ist diese Implementierung deutlich vor den bindenden Bestimmungen der Ärztlichen Approbationsordnung (in Kraft getreten am 01.10.2003) installiert worden. Die Evaluation der studentischen Lehre beinhaltet die Evaluierung sämtlicher Pflichtveranstaltungen (Kurse, Seminare, Praktika) durch einen standardisierten Fragebogen, der am Ende der Lehrpflichtveranstaltung (in jedem Semester) ausgeteilt und nach dem Ausfüllen durch die Studierenden wieder eingesammelt wird. In dieser Kommunikation belegen wir anhand ausgewählter Beispiele (vom Wintersemester 2003/2004 bis zum Wintersemester 2005/2006), dass die anderen Orts oft vorgetragenen negativen studentischen Bewertungen der vorklinischen Fächer an der J.W. Goethe – Universität nicht zutreffen (Bsp.:Kursus Anatomie I, Makroskopischer Teil, WS 2005/2006: M=1,8, SD=0,86). Die Bewertung der didaktischen Qualität („Lehrstoff wurde gut verständlich präsentiert“) ist bei den meisten vorklinischen Pflichtveranstaltungen zufriedenstellend (Bsp.: Kursus Anatomie I, Makroskopischer Teil, WS 2005/2006: M=2,06, SD=0,94). Aus diesen Ergebnissen schließen wir auf eine positive Rückwirkung des curricularen und didaktischen Umbaus des Medizinstudiums an der Goethe – Universität. Die Veröffentlichung der Ergebnisse der studentischen Evaluation („Zusammenfassende Beurteilung“) muss dem Umstand Rechnung tragen, dass praxisferne Fächer vielen Studierenden nur schwer zu vermitteln sind. Deswegen wird auf ein Ranking verzichtet. Nach diesen Ergebnissen wird ein Teil der Mittel leistungsorientiert vergeben (im jährlichen Zyklus). Diese leistungsorientierte Mittelvergabe (LOM) (davon 45 Prozent nach der studentischen Evaluation) beträgt 4 Prozent des jeweiligen Grundetats für Forschung und Lehre (Landeszuführung). Eine positive Lehrevaluation kann für eine Klinik/ein Institut einen wesentlich größeren Betrag bedeuten. Das Verfahren ist am Fachbereich akzeptiert.

Computergestütztes Concept Mapping zur Unterstützung vernetzenden Denkens in der Humananatomie: Wandel von Lernkultur durch Aktivierung kreativer Lernprozesse

Alexander Tillmann; Gertrud Klauer; Richard Jack Melamed — Mon, 29 Apr 2013 15:34:25 +0200

Zielsetzung: Studierende der Medizin werden im vorklinischen Studienabschnitt mit einer Fülle von Informationen und Detailwissen aus unterschiedlichen Gebieten konfrontiert. Viele Studierende neigen dazu, das von ihnen erwartete Wissen in Form von schnell verfügbarem, prüfungsrelevantem Wissen auswendig zu lernen. Dieses Wissen ist meist nicht konzeptuell verankert und geht in der Regel rasch verloren. Ziel des an der J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt für das Fach Anatomie erarbeiteten Konzeptes ist es, Studierende beim Aufbau von Lernstrategien zu unterstützen, mit deren Hilfe sie erworbenes Wissen leichter strukturieren und Zusammenhänge zwischen vielfältigen Fakten und Wissensgebieten herstellen können. Eine wichtige Methode des erarbeiteten Lehr-/Lernkonzeptes ist das computergestützte Concept Mapping, bei der Studierende ihr Wissen über funktionale Zusammenhänge der verschiedenen räumlichen und zeitlichen Dimensionen des Körpers visualisieren. Die in Kleingruppen organisierte Arbeit an den Concept Maps, bei der die individuell unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf den Gegenstandsbereich zusammengetragen und diskutiert werden müssen, zielt darüber hinaus auf einen Wandel der Lernkultur des häufig durch Faktenwissen und Einzelgängertum geprägten Medizinstudiums. Methodik: Die Einführung des computergestützten Concept Mappings in der Anatomie als neue Lehr-/Lernmethode in der medizinischen Ausbildung wurde an drei unterschiedlichen Gruppen (je 20 Teilnehmer) verschiedener Semester (2006/07) wissenschaftlich begleitet. Die Veranstaltungen wurden formativ und summativ evaluiert. Die deskriptive Darstellung der Evaluationsergebnisse wurde durch die Analyse der Daten auf systematische Zusammenhänge und Unterschiede vervollständigt. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der Studierendenbefragung bestätigen die Annahme, dass die Concept Map-Methode als geeignetes Instrument zur besseren Verdeutlichung von fachlichen Zusammenhängen in einem naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Fach (Anatomie) wahrgenommen wird und effektiv zum Aufbau vernetzter Wissensstrukturen eingesetzt werden kann. Besonders positiv wurden darüber hinaus die Lernprozesse in den Kleingruppen erlebt. Schlussfolgerung: Die Einführung des computergestützten Concept Mapping als kreativer Lernprozess in Kleingruppen liefert ein erfolgreiches und von den Studierenden akzeptiertes Konzept zur Unterstützung vernetzenden Denkens und konzeptuellen Lernens. Über die Beschäftigung mit den Concept Maps können kooperative Lernformen in den Regelbetrieb der Medizinerausbildung in der Anatomie integriert werden, die die Studierenden stark motivieren und zu einem Wandel der Lernkultur beitragen.

Quantifying transport into the lowermost stratosphere using simultaneous in-situ measurements of SF6 and CO2

Harald Bönisch; Andreas Engel; Joachim Curtius; Thomas Birner; Peter Hoor — Fri, 22 Mar 2013 11:31:55 +0100

The seasonality of transport and mixing of air into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) is studied using distributions of mean age of air and a~mass balance approach, based on in-situ observations of SF6 and CO2 during the SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region) aircraft campaigns. Combining the information of the mean age of air and the water vapour distributions we demonstrate that the tropospheric air transported into the LMS above the extratropical tropopause layer (ExTL) originates predominantly from the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). The concept of our mass balance is based on simultaneous measurements of the two passive tracers and the assumption that transport into the LMS can be described by age spectra which are superposition of two different modes. Based on this concept we conclude that the stratospheric influence on LMS composition is strongest in April with tropospheric fractions (α1) below 20% and that the strongest tropospheric signatures are found in October with (α1 greater than 80%. Beyond the fractions, our mass balance concept allows to calculate the associated transit times for transport of tropospheric air from the tropics into the LMS. The shortest transit times (<0.3 years) are derived for the summer, continuously increasing up to 0.8 years by the end of spring. These findings suggest that strong quasi-horizontal mixing across the weak subtropical jet from summer to mid of autumn and the considerably shorter residual transport time-scales within the lower branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in summer than in winter dominates the tropospheric influence in the LMS until the beginning of next year's summer.

Experimental characterization of the COndensation PArticle counting System for high altitude aircraft-borne application

Thu, 21 Mar 2013 11:18:06 +0100

his study aims at a detailed characterization of an ultra-fine aerosol particle counting system for operation on board the Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55 "Geophysica" (maximum ceiling of 21 km). The COndensation PArticle counting Systems (COPAS) consists of an aerosol inlet and two dual-channel continuous flow Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs). The aerosol inlet, adapted for COPAS measurements on board the M-55 "Geophysica", is described concerning aspiration, transmission, and transport losses. The counting efficiencies of the CPCs using the chlorofluorocarbon FC-43 as the working fluid are studied experimentally at two pressure conditions, 300 hPa and 70 hPa. Three COPAS channels are operated with different temperature differences between the saturator and the condenser block yielding smallest detectable particle sizes (dp50 – as 50% detection "cut off" diameters) of 6 nm, 11 nm, and 15 nm, respectively, at ambient pressure of 70 hPa. The fourth COPAS channel is operated with an aerosol heating line (250°C) for a determination of the non-volatile number of particles. The heating line is experimentally proven to volatilize pure H2SO4-H2O particles for a particle diameter (dp) range of 11 nm

Applicability of condensation particle counters to measure atmospheric clusters

Tue, 19 Mar 2013 16:41:13 +0100

The ambient and laboratory molecular and ion clusters were investigated. Here we present data on the ambient concentrations of both charged and uncharged molecular clusters as well as the performance of a pulse height condensation particle counter (PH-CPC) and an expansion condensation particle counter (E-CPC). The ambient molecular cluster concentrations were measured using both instruments, and they were deployed in conjunction with ion spectrometers and other aerosol instruments in Hyytiälä, Finland at the SMEAR II station during 1 March to 30 June 2007. The observed cluster concentrations varied and were from ca. 1000 to 100 000 cm−3. Both instruments showed similar concentrations. The average size of detected clusters was approximately 1.8 nm. As the atmospheric measurements at sub 2-nm particles and molecular clusters are a challenging task, and we were most likely unable to detect the smallest clusters, the reported concentrations are our best estimates for minimum cluster concentrations in boreal forest environment.

FeRA 8 (2008) : Frankfurter elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde

Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:04:42 +0100

FeRA 7 (2008) : Frankfurter elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde

Mon, 11 Mar 2013 09:02:02 +0100

G6b-B inhibits constitutive and agonist-induced signaling by glycoprotein VI and CLEC-2

Thu, 21 Feb 2013 09:25:06 +0100

Platelets play an essential role in wound healing by forming thrombi that plug holes in the walls of damaged blood vessels. To achieve this, platelets express a diverse array of cell surface receptors and signaling proteins that induce rapid platelet activation. In this study we show that two platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) or an ITAM-like domain, namely the collagen receptor complex glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcR γ-chain and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), respectively, support constitutive (i.e. agonist-independent) signaling in a cell line model using a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcriptional reporter assay that can detect low level activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). Constitutive and agonist signaling by both receptors is dependent on Src and Syk family kinases, and is inhibited by G6b-B, a platelet immunoglobulin receptor that has two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in its cytosolic tail. Mutation of the conserved tyrosines in the two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs prevents the inhibitory action of G6b-B. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of G6b-B is independent of the Src homology 2 (SH2)-domain containing tyrosine phosphatases, SHP1 and SHP2, and the inositol 5′-phosphatase, SHIP. Constitutive signaling via Src and Syk tyrosine kinases is observed in platelets and is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of GPVI-FcR γ-chain and CLEC-2. We speculate that inhibition of constitutive signaling through Src and Syk tyrosine kinases by G6b-B may help to prevent unwanted platelet activation.

Village-scale and Solar Desalination Technology Experience in Namibia

Detlof von Oertzen; Robert Schultz — Wed, 20 Feb 2013 15:31:17 +0100

Selected Results from Socio-Ecological Participatory Situation Assessments in Two Sites in Central Northern Namibia

Wed, 20 Feb 2013 15:23:57 +0100

Molecular mechanisms of IL-18BP regulation in DLD-1 cells: pivotal direct action of the STAT1/GAS axis on the promoter level

Malte Bachmann; Jens Paulukat; Josef Martin Pfeilschifter; Heiko Mühl — Fri, 08 Feb 2013 15:56:41 +0100

Interleukin (IL)-18, formerly known as interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor, is a crucial mediator of host defence and inflammation. Control of IL-18 bioactivity by its endogenous antagonist IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a major objective of immunoregulation. IL-18BP is strongly up-regulated by IFN-γ, thereby establishing a negative feedback mechanism detectable in cell culture and in vivo. Here we sought to investigate in D.L. Dexter (DLD) colon carcinoma cells molecular mechanisms of IL-18BP induction under the influence of IFN-γ. Mutational analysis revealed that a proximal γ-activated sequence (GAS) at the IL-18BP promoter is of pivotal importance for expression by IFN-γ-activated cells. Use of siRNA underscored the essential role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 in this process. Indeed, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis proved STAT1 binding to this particular GAS site. Maximal expression of IL-18BP was dependent on de novo protein synthesis but unaffected by silencing of interferon regulatory factor-1. Altogether, data presented herein indicate that direct action of STAT1 on the IL-18BP promoter at the proximal GAS element is key to IL-18BP expression by IFN-γ-stimulated DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid alters growth properties of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

Fri, 08 Feb 2013 15:46:41 +0100

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising class of antineoplastic agents which affect tumour growth, differentiation and invasion. The effects of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) were tested in vitro and in vivo on pre-clinical renal cell carcinoma (RCC) models. Caki-1, KTC-26 or A498 cells were treated with various concentrations of VPA during in vitro cell proliferation 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and to evaluate cell cycle manipulation. In vivo tumour growth was conducted in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. The anti-tumoural potential of VPA combined with low-dosed interferon-α (IFN-α) was also investigated. VPA significantly and dose-dependently up-regulated histones H3 and H4 acetylation and caused growth arrest in RCC cells. VPA altered cell cycle regulating proteins, in particular CDK2, cyclin B, cyclin D3, p21 and Rb. In vivo, VPA significantly inhibited the growth of Caki-1 in subcutaneous xenografts, accompanied by a strong accumulation of p21 and bax in tissue specimens of VPA-treated animals. VPA–IFN-α combination markedly enhanced the effects of VPA monotherapy on RCC proliferation in vitro, but did not further enhance the anti-tumoural potential of VPA in vivo. VPA was found to have profound effects on RCC cell growth, lending support to the initiation of clinical testing of VPA for treating advanced RCC.

Antinociceptive activity of the S1P-receptor agonist FTY720

Fri, 08 Feb 2013 12:43:11 +0100

FTY720 is a novel immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid tissues and thymus. In its phosphorylated form FTY720 is a potent S1P receptor agonist. Recently it was also shown that FTY720 can reduce prostaglandin synthesis through the direct inhibition of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). Since prostaglandins are important mediators of nociception, we studied the effects of FTY720 in different models of nociception. We found that intraperitoneal administration of FTY720 reduced dose-dependently the nociceptive behaviour of rats in the formalin assay. Although the antinociceptive doses of FTY720 were too low to alter the lymphocyte count, prostanoid concentrations in the plasma were dramatically reduced. Surprisingly, intrathecally administered FTY720 reduced the nociceptive behaviour in the formalin assay without altering spinal prostaglandin synthesis, indicating that additional antinociceptive mechanisms beside the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis are involved. Accordingly, FTY720 reduced also the nociceptive behaviour in the spared nerve injury model for neuropathic pain which does not depend on prostaglandin synthesis. In this model the antinociceptive effect of FTY720 was similar to gabapentin, a commonly used drug to treat neuropathic pain. Taken together we show for the first time that FTY720 possesses antinociceptive properties and that FTY720 reduces nociceptive behaviour during neuropathic pain.

ADAM15 modulates outside-in signalling in chondrocyte–matrix interactions

Beate B. Böhm; Andrea Schirner; Harald Burkhardt — Fri, 08 Feb 2013 10:29:03 +0100

ADAM15 belongs to a family of transmembrane multi-domain proteins implicated in proteolysis, cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions in various disease conditions. In osteoarthritis (OA), ADAM15 is up-regulated in the chondrocytes already at early stages of cartilage degeneration where it seems to exert homeostatic effects likely associated with its ability to enhance integrin-mediated chondrocyte adhesion to the surrounding collagen matrix. The aim of our present study was, therefore, to characterize functional domains of ADAM15 involved in collagen II (CII) interaction and to analyse associated outside-in signalling events. Accordingly, ADAM15 and respective deletion mutants were stably transfected into the chondrocyte cell line T/C28a4. Transfected cells were adhered to CII and phosphoproteins analysed by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation served to identify protein binding to ADAM15. Our results elucidate the prodomain as critical for the capacity of ADAM15 to enhance CII adhesion, thereby identifying for the first time a cell-adhesive role of a metalloproteinase prodomain. Moreover, the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM15 confers a modulatory effect on the autophosphorylation site Y397 of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) during chondrocyte–collagen interaction. In conclusion, the newly uncovered impact of ADAM15 on signalling events that arise from chondrocyte interactions with its collagen matrix might contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism underlying its proposed chondroprotective role in degenerative cartilage disease.

New histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools for advanced prostate carcinoma

Fri, 08 Feb 2013 09:55:16 +0100

The anti-epileptic drug valproic acid is also under trial as an anti-cancer agent due to its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory properties. However, the effects of valproic acid (VPA) are limited and concentrations required for exerting anti-neoplastic effects in vitro may not be reached in tumour patients. In this study, we tested in vitro and in vivo effects of two VPA-derivatives (ACS2, ACS33) on pre-clinical prostate cancer models. PC3 and DU-145 prostate tumour cell lines were treated with various concentrations of ACS2 or ACS33 to perform in vitro cell proliferation 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and to evaluate tumour cell adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers. Analysis of acetylated histones H3 and H4 protein expression was performed by western blotting. In vivo tumour growth was conducted in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Tumour sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry for histone H3 acetylation and proliferation. ACS2 and ACS33 significantly up-regulated histone H3 and H4 acetylation in prostate cancer cell lines. In micromolar concentrations both compounds exerted growth arrest in PC3 and DU-145 cells and prevented tumour cell attachment to endothelium. In vivo, ACS33 inhibited the growth of PC3 in subcutaneous xenografts. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed increased histone H3 acetylation and reduced proliferation. ACS2 and ACS33 represent novel VPA derivatives with superior anti-tumoural activities, compared to the mother compound. This investigation lends support to the clinical testing of ACS2 or ACS33 for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): Studienfach Sport im Studiengang Lehramt an Förderschulen (L5)

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:37:04 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): Studienfach Evangelische Religion im Studiengang L 5

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:31:57 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): Studienfach Deutsch im Studiengang L5 : (Stand 11. April mit Korrekturen vom 6. August 2007 und 29. Juli 2009)

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:30:43 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil IV): Studienfach Sonderpädagogische Fachrichtungen im Studiengang Lehramt an Förderschulen (L5) : Stand: 28. März 2007

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:28:58 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil I): Studienanteil Grundwissenschaften im Studiengang L5 : Stand: 7. Dezember 2006

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:27:08 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): Studienfach Sport im Studiengang L3

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:24:49 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): für das Studienfach Spanisch im Studiengang L3 : (Stand 17.11.2008)

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:23:03 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): vom xxx: Studienfach Politik und Wirtschaft im Studiengang L3

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:21:23 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur SPoL (Teil III): Studienfach Physik im Studiengang L3

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:19:03 +0100

Fachspezifischer Anhang zur Studien- und Prüfungsordnung für Lehramtsstudiengängen an der J.W.G. Universität, Frankfurt (SPoL) : Studienfach Philosophie im Studiengang Lehramt an Gymnasien (L3)

Sat, 02 Feb 2013 17:15:51 +0100