47 search hits
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Zwischen Sumpf und Feuer : Literarische Faszination durch Beraubung und Zersetzung
(2004)
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Gerhard Bauer
- „Warnung“, schreibt Ewa Lipska, „Ostrzeżenie“. Natürlich warnt sie, die Poetin der modernen Mobilität und ihrer Komplikationen, nicht vor irgendwelchen Flugzeugabstürzen oder dem Bankrott einer Fluglinie. Sondern: »Ich warne dich vor dir«. Du könntest dir selbst davonlaufen, könntest dich zum Tode verurteilen. [...] Es geht rau zu in ihren Gedichten, wie in vielen Gedichten der 60er, 70er, 80er Jahre. Es kratzt und piekt, wo immer man hinfassen möchte. Faszinierend allerdings sind nur diejenigen Partien darin, die uns anziehen und zugleich im Stich lassen, uns einer unbestimmten, der eigenen Vorstellungskraft überlassenen Gefahr aussetzen. Die Warnung arbeitet dem Zauber entgegen, und einzelne Zauberkunststücke untergraben jedes Sicherheitsdenken.
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Berlin Heinrichplatz : die Romane von Ulrich Peltzer
(2004)
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Christian Jäger
- Seit gut einem Jahrzehnt wird in Deutschland gewartet: Auf Literatur wird gewartet, auf den großen Berlin-Roman, auf den großen Nachwende-Roman. Und trotz diverser Romane, die Wiedervereinigung und Berlin zum Thema erhoben, ob nun von Günter Grass oder Thomas Brussig, wird weiter gewartet, kann es anscheinend kein Autor recht machen, wird unterhaltsames Erzählen begehrt oder eine Darstellung auf der Höhe moderner Erzählkunst verlangt. Doch die Alternative ist vielleicht falsch gestellt: Könnte denn nicht ein kunstvoll geschriebener Roman mit präziser und variantenreicher Sprache, ausgeklügelten Erzählstrukturen auch unterhaltsam sein? Schließlich ist Döblins nicht gerade schlichter Roman "Berlin Alexanderplatz" ja auch ein Lesevergnügen, vergleichbar mit "Joyces Ulysses" oder Pynchons "Gravity’s Rainbow". Nun lassen sich solche Romane schlecht wiederholen, hinge jeder Nachahmung des Stils der Verdacht an, Plagiat oder Kopie zu sein. Etwas Ähnliches wäre also immer etwas Anderes, neuartig, artifiziell und darin genaueres Abbild seiner Zeit als die Vielzahl schlichter Romane, die von Berlin oder der Wiedervereinigung erzählen. Nun, in letzter Zeit mehren sich im deutschen Feuilleton Stimmen, die eine gewisse, dementsprechende Kunst des Erzählens bei Ulrich Peltzer ausmachen, weswegen hier die Gelegenheit ergriffen wird, einen Gang durch seine drei letzten Publikationen ["Stefan Martinez", "Alle oder keiner", "Bryant Park"] zu unternehmen, um die Entwicklung derselben darzustellen - im Hinterkopf die Frage: Liegt hier vielleicht schon einer der erwarteten großen Berlin-Romane vor?
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Degraded acceptability and markedness in syntax, and the stochastic interpretation of optimality theory
(2004)
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Ralf Vogel
- The argument that I tried to elaborate on in this paper is that the conceptual problem behind the traditional competence/performance distinction does not go away, even if we abandon its original Chomskyan formulation. It returns as the question about the relation between the model of the grammar and the results of empirical investigations – the question of empirical verification The theoretical concept of markedness is argued to be an ideal correlate of gradience. Optimality Theory, being based on markedness, is a promising framework for the task of bridging the gap between model and empirical world. However, this task not only requires a model of grammar, but also a theory of the methods that are chosen in empirical investigations and how their results are interpreted, and a theory of how to derive predictions for these particular empirical investigations from the model. Stochastic Optimality Theory is one possible formulation of a proposal that derives empirical predictions from an OT model. However, I hope to have shown that it is not enough to take frequency distributions and relative acceptabilities at face value, and simply construe some Stochastic OT model that fits the facts. These facts first of all need to be interpreted, and those factors that the grammar has to account for must be sorted out from those about which grammar should have nothing to say. This task, to my mind, is more complicated than the picture that a simplistic application of (not only) Stochastic OT might draw.
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Correspondence in OT syntax and minimal link effects
(2004)
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Ralf Vogel
- The aim of this paper is the exploration of an optimality theoretic architecture for syntax that is guided by the concept of "correspondence": syntax is understood as the mechanism of “translating” underlying representations into a surface form. In minimalism, this surface form is called “Phonological Form” (PF). Both semantic and abstract syntactic information are reflected by the surface form. The empirical domain where this architecture is tested are minimal link effects, especially in the case of "wh"-movement. The OT constraints require the surface form to reflect the underlying semantic and syntactic representations as maximally as possible. The means by which underlying relations and properties are encoded are precedence, adjacency, surface morphology and prosodic structure. Information that is not encoded in one of these ways remains unexpressed, and gets lost unless it is recoverable via the context. Different kinds of information are often expressed by the same means. The resulting conflicts are resolved by the relative ranking of the relevant correspondence constraints.
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Weak function word shift
(2004)
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Ralf Vogel
- The fact that object shift only affects weak pronouns in mainland Scandinavian is seen as an instance of a more general observation that can be made in all Germanic languages: weak function words tend to avoid the edges of larger prosodic domains. This generalisation has been formulated within Optimality Theory in terms of alignment constraints on prosodic structure by Selkirk (1996) in explaining thedistribution of prosodically strong and weak forms of English functionwords, especially modal verbs, prepositions and pronouns. But a purely phonological account fails to integrate the syntactic licensing conditions for object shift in an appropriate way. The standard semantico-syntactic accounts of object shift, onthe other hand, fail to explain why it is only weak pronouns that undergo object shift. This paper develops an Optimality theoretic model of the syntax-phonology interface which is based on the interaction of syntactic and prosodic factors. The account can successfully be applied to further related phenomena in English and German.
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On embedded implicatures
(2004)
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Uli Sauerland
- The Gricean approach explains implicatures by assumptions about the pragmatics of entire utterances. The phenomenon of embedded implicatures remains a challenge for this approach since in such cases apparently implicatures contribute to the truth-conditional content of constituents smaller than utterances. In this paper, I investigate three areas where embedded implicatures seem to differ from implicatures at the utterance level: optionality, epistemic status, and implicated presuppositions. I conclude that the differences between the two kinds of implicatures justify an approach that maintains Gricean assumptions at the utterance level, and assumes a special operator for embedded implicatures.
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Über Klugheit in Liebesbriefen : Überlegungen in Anlehnung an das Märchen "Die kluge Bauerntochter" nach den Gebrüdern Grimm
(2004)
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Eva Lia Wyss
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Kritik der Gewalt : über den Begriff der Gewalt von Walter Benjamin, Albert Camus und Frantz Fanon
(2004)
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Gerhard Scheit
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On Davidsonian and kimian states
(2004)
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Claudia Maienborn
- Davidsonian event semantics has an impressive track record as a framework for natural language analysis. In recent years it has become popular to assume that not only action verbs but predicates of all sorts have an additional event argument. Yet, this hypothesis is not without controversy in particular wrt the particularly challenging case of statives. Maienborn (2003a, 2004) argues that there is a need for distinguishing two kinds of states. While verbs such as sit, stand, sleep refer to eventualities in the sense of Davidson (= Davidsonian states), the states denoted by such stative verbs like know, weigh,and own, as well as any combination of copula plus predicate are of a different ontological type (= Kimian states). Against this background, the present study assesses the two main arguments that have been raised in favour of a Davidsonian approach for statives. These are the combination with certain manner adverbials and Parsons (2000) so-called time travel argument. It will be argued that the manner data which, at first sight, seem to provide evidence for a Davidsonian approach to statives are better analysed as non-compositional reinterpretations triggered by the lack of a regular Davidsonian event argument. As for Parsons´s time travel argument, it turns out that the original version does not supply the kind of support for the Davidsonian approach that Parsons supposed. However, properly adapted, the time travel argument may provide additional evidence for the need of reifying the denotatum of statives, as suggested by the assumption of Kimian states.
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Phase diagram of dense neutral three-flavor quark matter
(2004)
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Stefan Bernhard Rüster
Igor A. Shovkovy
Dirk-Hermann Rischke
- We study the phase diagram of dense, locally neutral three-flavor quark matter as a function of the strange quark mass, the quark chemical potential, and the temperature, employing a general nine-parameter ansatz for the gap matrix. At zero temperature and small values of the strange quark mass, the ground state of matter corresponds to the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase. At some critical value of the strange quark mass, this is replaced by the recently proposed gapless CFL (gCFL) phase. We also find several other phases, for instance, a metallic CFL (mCFL) phase, a so-called uSC phase where all colors of up quarks are paired, as well as the standard two-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase and the gapless 2SC (g2SC) phase.
