OPUS 4 | Universitätspublikationen

Entwicklung einer reagenzienfreien Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Inhaltsstoffe von Körperflüssigkeiten mit ATR-FTIR-Spektroskopie (2006)

Gamze Hoşafçı

Teile dieser Arbeit sind Thema folgender Publikationen: Gamze Hosafci, Oliver Klein, Gerhard Oremek, Werner Mäntele: Clinical chemistry without reagents? An infrared spectroscopic technique for determination of clinically relevant constituents of body fluids Anal Bioanal Chem, DOI 10.1007/s00216-006-0841-3 Gamze Hosafci, Oliver Klein, Gerhard Oremek, Werner Mäntele: Ein Tropfen Blut genügt: Reagenzienfreie Labordiagnostik in der Medizin mittels Infrarotspektroskopie GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift, Bd 50 (2006), H. 4, S. 322-325, GIT Darmstadt Gamze Hosafci, Oliver Klein, Gerhard Oremek, Werner Mäntele: It Will Just Need a Drop of Blood: Reagent-free Laboratory Diagnostics in Medicine Based on Infrared Spectroscopy GIT Laboratory Journal, Bd 50 (2006), H. 2, S. 34-37, GIT Darmstadt Patent: W. Mäntele, O. Klein, G. Hosafci, G. Oremek: Vorrichtung für die qualitative und/oder quantitative Bestimmung von IR-aktiven Inhaltsstoffen in Flüssigkeiten sowie ein Verfahren zur qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Bestimmung von IR-aktiven Inhaltsstoffen in Flüssigkeiten Schutzrecht: DE102005048807 16.11.2006

In-situ comparison of the NOy instruments flown in MOZAIC and SPURT (2006)

Hans-Werner Pätz Andreas Volz-Thomas Michaela I. Hegglin Dominik Brunner Herbert Fischer Ulrich Schmidt

Two aircraft instruments for the measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy) were compared side by side aboard a Learjet A35 in April 2003 during a campaign of the AFO2000 project SPURT (Spurengastransport in der Tropopausenregion). The instruments albeit employing the same measurement principle (gold converter and chemiluminescence) had different inlet configurations. The ECO-Physics instrument operated by ETH-Zürich in SPURT had the gold converter mounted outside the aircraft, whereas the instrument operated by FZ-Jülich in the European project MOZAIC III (Measurements of ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides aboard Airbus A340 in-service aircraft) employed a Rosemount probe with 80 cm of FEP-tubing connecting the inlet to the gold converter. The NOy concentrations during the flight ranged between 0.3 and 3 ppb. The two data sets were compared in a blind fashion and each team followed its normal operating procedures. On average, the measurements agreed within 7%, i.e. within the combined uncertainty of the two instruments. This puts an upper limit on potential losses of HNO3 in the Rosemount inlet of the MOZAIC instrument. Larger transient deviations were observed during periods after calibrations and when the aircraft entered the stratosphere. The time lag of the MOZAIC instrument observed in these instances is in accordance with the time constant of the MOZAIC inlet line determined in the laboratory for HNO3.

In-situ comparison of the NOy instruments flown in MOZAIC and SPURT (2006)

Hans-Werner Pätz Andreas Volz-Thomas Michaela I. Hegglin Dominik Brunner Herbert Fischer Ulrich Schmidt

Two aircraft instruments for the measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy) were compared side by side aboard a Learjet A35 in April 2003 during a campaign of the AFO2000 project SPURT (Spurengastransport in der Tropopausenregion). The instruments albeit employing the same measurement principle (gold converter and chemiluminescence) had different inlet configurations. The ECO-Physics instrument operated by ETH-Zürich in SPURT had the gold converter mounted outside the aircraft, whereas the instrument operated by FZ-Jülich in the European project MOZAIC III (Measurements of ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides aboard Airbus A340 in-service aircraft) employed a Rosemount probe with 80 cm of FEP-tubing connecting the inlet to the gold converter. The NOy concentrations during the flight ranged between 0.3 and 3 ppb. The two data sets were compared in a blind fashion and each team followed its normal operating procedures. On average, the measurements agreed within 6%, i.e. within the combined uncertainty of the two instruments. This puts an upper limit on potential losses of HNO3 in the Rosemount inlet of the MOZAIC instrument. Larger transient deviations were observed during periods after calibrations and when the aircraft entered the stratosphere. The time lag of the MOZAIC instrument observed in these instances is in accordance with the time constant of the MOZAIC inlet line determined in the laboratory for HNO3.

Probing stratospheric transport and chemistry with new balloon and aircraft observations of the meridional and vertical N2O isotope distribution (2006)

Jan Kaiser Andreas Engel Reinhard Borchers Thomas Röckmann

A comprehensive set of stratospheric balloon and aircraft samples was analyzed for the position-dependent isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N2O). Results for a total of 220 samples from between 1987 and 2003 are presented, nearly tripling the number of mass-spectrometric N2O isotope measurements in the stratosphere published to date. Cryogenic balloon samples were obtained at polar (Kiruna/Sweden, 68° N), mid-latitude (southern France, 44° N) and tropical sites (Hyderabad/India, 18° N). Aircraft samples were collected with a newly-developed whole air sampler on board of the high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica during the EUPLEX 2003 campaign. All samples were analyzed by laboratory mass spectrometry for their 18O/16O and position-dependent 15N/14N isotope ratios with very high precision (standard deviation about 0.15 per mil for 18O/16O and average 15N/14N ratios, about 0.5 per mil for 15NNO/14NNO and N15NO/N14NO ratios). For mixing ratios above 200 nmol mol−1, relative isotope enrichments (δ values) and mixing ratios display a compact relationship, which is nearly independent of latitude and season and which can be explained equally well by Rayleigh fractionation or mixing. However, for mixing ratios below 200 nmol mol−1 this compact relationship gives way to meridional, seasonal and interannual variations. A comparison to a previously published mid-latitude balloon profile even shows large zonal variations, justifying the use of three-dimensional models for further data interpretation. In general, the magnitude of the apparent fractionation constants (apparent isotope effects) increases continuously with altitude and decreases from the equator to the North pole, which can be qualitatively understood by the interplay between the time-scales of N2O photochemistry and transport. Deviations from this behavior occur where polar vortex air mixes with nearly N2O-free upper stratospheric/mesospheric air (e.g., during the boreal winter of 2003 and possibly 1992). Aircraft observations in the polar vortex at mixing ratios below 200 nmol mol−1 deviate from isotope variations expected for both Rayleigh fractionation and end-member mixing, but could be explained by continuous weak mixing between intravortex and extravortex air (Plumb et al., 2000). Finally, correlations between 18O/16O and average 15N/14N isotope ratios or between the position-dependent 15N/14N isotope ratios show that photo-oxidation makes a large contribution to the total N2O sink in the lower stratosphere (up to 100%). Towards higher altitudes, the temperature dependence of these isotope correlations becomes visible in the stratospheric observations.

Analysis of airway secretions in a model of sulfur dioxide induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2006)

Ulrich Wagner Petra Staats Hans-Christoph Fehmann Axel Fischer Tobias Welte Jan David Alexander Groneberg

Hypersecretion and chronic phlegm are major symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but animal models of COPD with a defined functional hypersecretion have not been established so far. To identify an animal model of combined morphological signs of airway inflammation and functional hypersecretion, rats were continuously exposed to different levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm) for 3 (short-term) or 20–25 (long-term) days. Histology revealed a dose-dependent increase in edema formation and inflammatory cell infiltration in short-term-exposed animals. The submucosal edema was replaced by fibrosis after long-term-exposure. The basal secretory activity was only significantly increased in the 20 ppm group. Also, stimulated secretion was significantly increased only after exposure to 20 ppm. BrdU-assays and AgNOR-analysis demonstrated cellular metaplasia and glandular hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia as the underlying morphological correlate of the hypersecretion. In summary, SO2-exposure can lead to characteristic airway remodeling and changes in mucus secretion in rats. As only long-term exposure to 20 ppm leads to a combination of hypersecretion and airway inflammation, only this mode of exposure should be used to mimic human COPD. Concentrations less or higher than 20 ppm or short term exposure do not induce the respiratory symptom of hypersecretion. The present model may be used to characterize the effects of new compounds on mucus secretion in the background of experimental COPD.

Chronic cough due to occupational factors (2006)

Jan David Alexander Groneberg Dennis Nowak Anke Wussow Axel Fischer

Within the large variety of subtypes of chronic cough, either defined by their clinical or pathogenetic causes, occupational chronic cough may be regarded as one of the most preventable forms of the disease. Next to obstructive airway diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are sometimes concomitant with chronic cough, this chronic airway disease gains importance in the field of occupational medicine since classic fiber-related occupational airway diseases will decrease in the future. Apart from acute accidents and incidental exposures which may lead to an acute form of cough, there are numerous sources for the development of chronic cough within the workplace. Over the last years, a large number of studies has focused on occupational causes of respiratory diseases and it has emerged that chronic cough is one of the most prevalent work-related airway diseases. Best-known examples of occupations related to the development of cough are coal miners, hard-rock miners, tunnel workers, or concrete manufacturing workers. As chronic cough is often based on a variety of non-occupational factors such as tobacco smoke, a distinct separation into either occupational or personally -evoked can be difficult. However, revealing the occupational contribution to chronic cough and to the symptom cough in general, which is the commonest cause for the consultation of a physician, can significantly lead to a reduction of the socioeconomic burden of the disease.

Tätigkeitsbericht / IZO - Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Ostasienstudien (2006)

[Rezension zu:] Set in Stone: The Face in Medieval Sculpture (New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 26.11.2006 - 19.02.2007) (2006)

Rebecca Müller

Rezension zu: Little, Charles T.; Sauerländer, Willibald (Hrsg.): Set in stone. The face in medieval sculpture ; [in conjuction with the Exhibition "Set in Stone: The Face in Medieval Sculpture", held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, from September 26, 2006 - February 18, 2007], New Haven, Conn. [u.a.]: Yale University Press 2006 ISBN-10: 1-58839-192-2, XVI, 222 S., 50 USD

JFR-Newsletter : Publikationsorgan des Jungen Forums Rechtsphilosophie (JFR) ; Nr. 1/2006 (2006)

JFR-Newsletter : Publikationsorgan des Jungen Forums Rechtsphilosophie (JFR) ; Nr. 2/2006 (2006)

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