Universitätspublikationen
6 search hits
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Professionelle Fehlerkompetenz von Lehrkräften – Wissen über Schülerfehler und deren Ursachen
(2011)
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Anna Gewiese
Eveline Wuttke
Ronny Kästner
Jürgen Seifried
Janosch Türling
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"Habe die Mission treu erfüllt und begehre meinen Lohn darum" : Amt, Funktion und Titel des Schtadlan und ihre Wahrnehmung in der Frühneuzeit
(2011)
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Rebekka Voß
- Im Marktflecken Thannhausen bei Augsburg, der in einer adligen Enklave im markgräflich Burgauischen Mindeltal lag, existierte um 1600 eine für diese Zeit beachtlich große jüdische Landgemeinde, die mit ihren etwa dreißig Haushaltungen nach der Vertreibung der Juden aus Günzburg und Burgau 1617/18 die zahlenmäßig stärkste Gemeinde in Schwaben darstellte. An Chanukka des Jahres 5372, Anfang Dezember 1611 christlicher Zeitrechnung, kam dort ein Rechtsstreit zwischen der jüdischen Gemeinde zu Thannhausen und ihrem Schtadlan Kofman vor ein jüdisches Schiedsgericht. Es ging um die Entlohnung Kofmans für eine Mission, auf die ihn die Gemeinde im Frühsommer desselben Jahres nach Prag entsandt hatte, um bei der Ortsherrschaft ihre Interessen zu vertreten. Der Prozess, der zu den wenigen Schiedsgerichtsverfahren dieser Zeit gehört, deren Protokolle weitgehend erhalten sind, soll hier untersucht werden; dabei wird jedoch weniger das Verfahren oder der Gegenstand des Prozesses als solcher, die Auseinandersetzung um Kofmans Lohn, im Mittelpunkt stehen, als vielmehr der Konflikt um die Interpretation der Rolle des Schtadlan, des Fürsprechers der Gemeinde bei der Obrigkeit, durch die beiden Prozessparteien. Die Deutungen, wie sie in den Aussagen der Prozessbeteiligten artikuliert werden, weichen in erheblichem Maße von der in der Forschung vorherrschenden Darstellung des Amtes des Schtadlan in der Frühneuzeit ab – ebenso wie die Definition der Tätigkeit, die der bekannteste Fürsprecher des 16. Jahrhunderts, Josel von Rosheim, in seiner Korrespondenz und in seiner Chronik für sich verwandte. Aussagen der Beteiligten, Auftraggeber und Funktionsträger, sollen hier also auf die Frage nach Amt, Funktion und Titel des Schtadlan im 16. Jahrhundert im Lichte ihrer jeweiligen subjektiven Wahrnehmung der Vorgänge hin analysiert werden.
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The indigenization of catholicism on Flores
(2011)
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Susanne Schröter
- From the very outset of European expansion, scholars have been preoccupied with the impact of proselytization and colonization on non-European societies. Anthropologists such as Margaret Mead and Bronislaw Malinowski, who witnessed these processes at the beginning of the twentieth century while at the same time benefitting from the colonial structure, were convinced that the autochthonous societies could not possibly withstand the onslaught of the dominant European cultures, and thus were doomed to vanish in the near future. The fear of losing their object of research, which had just recently been discovered, hung above the heads of the scholars like a sword of Damocles ever since the establishment of anthropology as a discipline. They felt hurried to document what seemed to be crumbling away. Behind these fears there was the notion that the indigenous cultures were comparatively static entities that had existed untouched by any external influences for many centuries, or even millennia, and were unable to change. This idea was shared by proponents of other disciplines; in religious studies, for example, up to the late 1980s the view prevailed that the contact between the great world religions and the belief systems of small, autochthonous societies doomed the latter to extinction. However, more recent studies have shown that this assumption, according to which indigenous peoples have not undergone any changes in the course of history, is untenable. It became apparent that groups supposedly living in isolation have extensive contact networks, and that migration, trade, and conquest are not privileges of modern times. Myths and oral traditions bore witness of journeys to faraway regions, new settlements founded in unknown territories, or the arrival of victorious foreigners who introduced new ways and customs and laid claim to a place of their own within society.
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Christianity in Indonesia: an overview
(2011)
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Susanne Schröter
- Indonesia is a multicultural and multireligious nation whose heterogeneity is codified in the state doctrine, the Pancasila. Yet the relations between the various social, ethnic, and religious groups have been problematic down to the present day, and national unity has remained fragile. In several respects, Christians have a precarious role in the struggle for shaping the nation. They are a small minority (about 9% of the population) in a country predominantly inhabited by Muslims; in the past they were interconnected in manifold ways with the Dutch colonial government; they exert great influence in economy and the military, and constitute the majority of the population in some parts of the so-called Outer Islands (such as Flores, Sumba, and Timor), which are characterized by an attitude fraught with ambivalence towards the state apparatus perceived as ‘Javanese’ and ‘Muslim’. In the aftermath of the former president Suharto’s resignation and in the course of the ensuing political changes – in particular the independence of East Timor – Christians were repeatedly discredited for allegedly posing a threat to Indonesian unity, and have been involved both as victims and perpetrators in violent regional clashes with Muslims that claimed thousands of lives. Since the beginning of the new millennium the violent conflicts have lessened, yet the pressure exerted on Christians by Islamic fundamentalists still continues undiminished in the Muslim-majority regions. The future of the Christians in Indonesia remains uncertain, and pluralist society is still on trial. For this reason the situation of Christians in Indonesia is an important issue that goes far beyond research on a minority, touching on general issues relating to the formation of the nation-state.
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Acehnese culture(s): plurality and homogeneity
(2011)
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Susanne Schröter
- Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam is a multicultural province within a multicultural state. Hence, its political leaders not only face the need to integrate ethnic and cultural diversity into a regional framework, but also have to define Aceh’s role within the Indonesian nation. During its violent past which was characterized by exploitation and military oppression, there were good reasons to emphasize sameness over diversity and to build up the consciousness of a unified Acehnese identity. From both an emic and an etic perspective, it is today widely accepted that there is such a thing as a homogeneous Acehnese culture which is rooted in a glorious, though troublesome, history of repression and rebellion and shaped by a strong Islamic piety. Even if it is true that Acehnese history has created a strong regional identity, it must not be forgotten that people living in this area belong to various ethnic and cultural groups and that they represent a rich variety of different cultures rather than simply a single homogeneous culture. As a matter of fact, the practises and discourses of Islam here also vary depending on the cultural background of the people. As elsewhere in Indonesia and beyond, world religions have to adapt to local customs, have to be appropriated by the local people, and have to be indigenized. This is the reason why adat still continues to play a role in every local context, even if it has been treated with suspicion in many parts of Indonesia since the Dutch colonial administration began using it as a counterforce against Islam in order to implement their divide-and-rule strategy. With this article, I wish to shed some light on the complexities of Acehnese culture, as it encompasses numerous very distinct local cultures and this reflects on the general significance of culture for the construction and reconstruction of post-tsunami Aceh.
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Prosuming, or when customers turn collaborators: coordination and motivation of customer contribution
(2011)
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Birgit Blättel-Mink
Raphael Menez
Dirk Dalichau
Daniel Kahnert
- This article investigates the phenomenon of increasing integration of customers and users into the organizational creation of value, focusing primarily on the dissolving boundaries between production and consumption. Concepts such as "prosuming", the "working customer", "produsing" and "interactive value creation" have been used to describe this phenomenon. Within the framework of a research project at the Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, this debate was investigated theoretically as well as empirically in three case studies. The research question is as follows: Why do customers participate in "new types of prosuming" or "interactive value creation" and how are these processes coordinated by the firms? The results show a considerable range of motives and forms of coordination: The customers’ primary motives to voluntarily assume tasks and activities were both intrinsic and extrinsic in nature. The organizational models identified range from strategies of rationalization to prosuming as a basic business model to the collaborative and interactive value creation between the company and the web-community.
