OPUS 4 | Sondersammelgebiets-Volltexte Biologie

Tragopogon – Bocksbart (Asteraceae) in Nordrhein-Westfalen (2013)

Ferdinand Wolfgang Bomble

Die Gattung Tragopogon (Bocksbart) gehört zu den zungenblütigen Korbblütlern (Asteraceae Unterfamilie Cichorioideae). In diesem Verwandtschaftskreis fällt sie durch schmale, parallelnervige, grasartige Blätter auf (Abb. 3). In Kultur und im Mittelmeerraum gibt es neben gelb blühenden Arten (wie in dieser Arbeit besprochen) auch Arten mit rötlichen bis lilafarbenen Blüten. Ein Beispiel ist der als Wurzelgemüse kultivierte T. porrifolius (Gemüse- Haferwurz). In Nordrhein-Westfalen sind drei Tragopogon-Arten etabliert: der Große Bocksbart (T. dubius) sowie die nah verwandten Wiesen-Bocksbart (T. pratensis) und Orientalischer Bocksbart (T. orientalis). Neben diesen Arten wird in dieser Arbeit noch der Kleine Bocksbart (T. minor) besprochen, für den abweichende Pflanzen von T. pratensis immer wieder gehalten werden.

Range expansion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe is promoted by climate change (2013)

Sarah Cunze Marion Carmen Leiblein Oliver Tackenberg

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., native to North America, is a problematic invasive species, because of its highly allergenic pollen. The species is expected to expand its range due to climate change. By means of ecological niche modelling (ENM), we predict habitat suitability for A. artemisiifolia in Europe under current and future climatic conditions. Overall, we compared the performance and results of 16 algorithms commonly applied in ENM. As occurrence records of invasive species may be dominated by sampling bias, we also used data from the native range. To assess the quality of the modelling approaches we assembled a new map of current occurrences of A. artemisiifolia in Europe. Our results show that ENM yields a good estimation of the potential range of A. artemisiifolia in Europe only when using the North American data. A strong sampling bias in the European Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data for A. artemisiifolia causes unrealistic results. Using the North American data reflects the realized European distribution very well. All models predict an enlargement and a northwards shift of potential range in Central and Northern Europe during the next decades. Climate warming will lead to an increase and northwards shift of A. artemisiifolia in Europe.

Human CLPP reverts the longevity phenotype of a fungal ClpP deletion strain (2013)

Fabian Fischer Andrea Weil Andrea Hamann Heinz D. Osiewacz

Mitochondrial maintenance crucially depends on the quality control of proteins by various chaperones, proteases and repair enzymes. While most of the involved components have been studied in some detail, little is known on the biological role of the CLPXP protease complex located in the mitochondrial matrix. Here we show that deletion of PaClpP, encoding the CLP protease proteolytic subunit CLPP, leads to an unexpected healthy phenotype and increased lifespan of the fungal ageing model organism Podospora anserina. This phenotype can be reverted by expression of human ClpP in the fungal deletion background, demonstrating functional conservation of human and fungal CLPP. Our results show that the biological role of eukaryotic CLP proteases can be studied in an experimentally accessible model organism.

Zoo Basel Newsletter. 2013, Januar (2013)

Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses (2013)

Alexander M. Weigand Adrienne Jochum Rajko Slapnik Jan Schnitzler Eugenia Zarza Annette Klussmann-Kolb

BACKGROUND: Current biodiversity patterns are considered largely the result of past climatic and tectonic changes. In an integrative approach, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses to analyze temporal and geographic diversification of epigean (Carychium) and subterranean (Zospeum) evolutionary lineages in Carychiidae (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea). We explicitly test three hypotheses: 1) morphospecies encompass unrecognized evolutionary lineages, 2) limited dispersal results in a close genetic relationship of geographical proximally distributed taxa and 3) major climatic and tectonic events had an impact on lineage diversification within Carychiidae. RESULTS: Initial morphospecies assignments were investigated by different molecular delimitation approaches (threshold, ABGD, GMYC and SP). Despite a conservative delimitation strategy, carychiid morphospecies comprise a great number of unrecognized evolutionary lineages. We attribute this phenomenon to historic underestimation of morphological stasis and phenotypic variability amongst lineages. The first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Carychiidae (based on COI, 16S and H3) reveals Carychium and Zospeum to be reciprocally monophyletic. Geographical proximally distributed lineages are often closely related. The temporal diversification of Carychiidae is best described by a constant rate model of diversification. The evolution of Carychiidae is characterized by relatively few (long distance) colonization events. We find support for an Asian origin of Carychium. Zospeum may have arrived in Europe before extant members of Carychium. Distantly related Carychium clades inhabit a wide spectrum of the available bioclimatic niche and demonstrate considerable niche overlap. CONCLUSIONS: Carychiid taxonomy is in dire need of revision. An inferred wide distribution and variable phenotype suggest underestimated diversity in Zospeum. Several Carychium morphospecies are results of past taxonomic lumping. By collecting populations at their type locality, molecular investigations are able to link historic morphospecies assignments to their respective evolutionary lineage. We propose that rare founder populations initially colonized a continent or cave system. Subsequent passive dispersal into adjacent areas led to in situ pan-continental or mountain range diversifications. Major environmental changes did not influence carychiid diversification. However, certain molecular delimitation methods indicated a recent decrease in diversification rate. We attribute this decrease to protracted speciation.

Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins für das Jahr 2012 : Band 4 (2013)

Das Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins erscheint einmal jährlich und wird an Vereinsmitglieder und wichtige Bibliotheken in gedruckter Fassung übergeben (Übersicht auf der Homepage des Vereins). Ansonsten wird es auf der Homepage des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins elektronisch publiziert und steht im pdf-Format kostenlos zum Download zur Verfügung. Weitere Druckexemplare können bei Nachfrage zum Selbstkostenpreis ("Print on Demand") plus Porto bezogen werden.

Artificial environments for the co-translational stabilization of cell-free expressed proteins (2013)

Lei Kai Volker Dötsch Ralf Kaldenhoff Frank Bernhard

An approach for designing individual expression environments that reduce or prevent protein aggregation and precipitation is described. Inefficient folding of difficult proteins in unfavorable translation environments can cause significant losses of overexpressed proteins as precipitates or inclusion bodies. A number of chemical chaperones including alcohols, polyols, polyions or polymers are known to have positive effects on protein stability. However, conventional expression approaches can use such stabilizing agents only post-translationally during protein extraction and purification. Proteins that already precipitate inside of the producer cells cannot be addressed. The open nature of cell-free protein expression systems offers the option to include single chemicals or cocktails of stabilizing compounds already into the expression environment. We report an approach for systematic screening of stabilizers in order to improve the solubility and quality of overexpressed proteins co-translationally. A comprehensive list of representative protein stabilizers from the major groups of naturally occurring chemical chaperones has been analyzed and their concentration ranges tolerated by cell-free expression systems have been determined. As a proof of concept, we have applied the method to improve the yield of proteins showing instability and partial precipitation during cell-free synthesis. Stabilizers that co-translationally improve the solubility and functional folding of human glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase have been identified and cumulative effects of stabilizers have been studied.

Regenwald Report. Nr. 1, 2013 (2013)

* Landraub in Kambodscha : Wir beschützen unseren Wald * Der Irrtum über „grüne“ Geldanlagen * Leben ohne Tropenholz – ein Holzratgeber * Aktuelle Meldungen * Holzmafia im Visier von Interpol

SchussenAktivplus: Reduction of micropollutants and of potentially pathogenic bacteria for further water quality improvement of the river Schussen, a tributary of Lake Constance, Germany (2013)

Rita Triebskorn Klaus Amler Ludek Blaha Claudia Gallert Sabrina Giebner Hans Güde Anja Henneberg Stefanie Hess Harald Hetzenauer Klaus Jedele Ralph-Michael Jung Sven Kneipp Heinz-R. Köhler Stefanie Krais Bertram Kuch Claudia Lange Herbert Löffler Diana Maier Jörg Metzger Michael Müller Jörg Oehlmann Raphaela Osterauer Katharina Peschke Jürgen Raizner Peter Rey Magali Rault Doreen Richter Frank Sacher Marco Scheurer Jutta Schneider-Rapp Merav Seifan Markus Spieth Hans-Joachim Vogel Michael Weyhmüller Josef Winter Karl Wurm

The project focuses on the efficiency of combined technologies to reduce the release of micropollutants and bacteria into surface waters via sewage treatment plants of different size and via stormwater overflow basins of different types. As a model river in a highly populated catchment area, the river Schussen and, as a control, the river Argen, two tributaries of Lake Constance, Southern Germany, are under investigation in this project. The efficiency of the different cleaning technologies is monitored by a wide range of exposure and effect analyses including chemical and microbiological techniques as well as effect studies ranging from molecules to communities.

Bemerkenswerte Pflanzenvorkommen in Bochum (Nordrhein-Westfalen) und Umgebung im Jahr 2012 (2013)

Im Folgenden werden für den Bochumer Raum bemerkenswerte Funde aufgeführt. Das Gebiet umfasst alle an Bochum und Herne angrenzenden Städte sowie den gesamten Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis und Hagen. In seltenen Fällen werden außerdem Funde aufgeführt, die zwar außerhalb des genannten Gebietes liegen, aber von landesweiter Bedeutung sind. Die Funde sind zu einem Teil unter www.botanik-bochum.de/html/funde2012.htm mit Fotos versehen. Zur besseren Auswertung wurden hinter den Fundorten die MTB-Angaben (Topographische Karte 1:25.000) angegeben und ggf. eine Bewertung des Fundes für den hiesigen Raum und der floristische Status hinzugefügt.

Sondersammelgebiets-Volltexte Biologie

Refine

Author

Year of publication

Document Type

Language

Has Fulltext

Is part of the Bibliography

Keywords

Institute

4145 search hits